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History Forum / General / Archaeology / November 2007Questions on the Seleucid and Parthian Empires
I. Seleucid Empire: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid II. Parthian Empire: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthians According to Wikipedia, the Seleucids ruled Iran from 323 BC - 63 BC, and the Parthians ruled Iran from 247 BCE - 220 CE. Thus, there is an overlap of rulers of Iran. What exactly happened and who ruled this area? Also, according to Wikipedia, the languages spoken during the Seleucid Empire was Greek and Syriac, but not an Iranian language. Could these be errors? > According to Wikipedia, the Seleucids ruled Iran from 323 BC - > 63 BC, and the Parthians ruled Iran from 247 BCE - 220 CE. > Thus, there is an overlap of rulers of Iran. What exactly > happened and who ruled this area? The Seleucid kingdom was in existence from 323-64 BCE, and was originally comprised of the eastern portion of Alexander's empire, which had been partioned by his generals after his death. The kingdom initially included southeastern Anatolia, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Iran; but began to lose control over large territories in the third century BCE. The Parthians emerged c.250 BCE from an area southwest of the Caspian Sea and seized Iran; declaring independence from the Seleucid kingdom, they soon expanded into Mesopotamia. Syria and eastern Cilicia were all that remained of the Seleucid empire when it was conquered by Rome in 64 BCE. > Also, according to Wikipedia, the languages spoken during the > Seleucid Empire was Greek and Syriac, but not an Iranian > language. Could these be errors? Greek was the language of the ruling class. The subject peoples continued to speak their native languages. Syriac was an East Aramaic dialect spoken in southwestern Anatolia and northwestern Syria, the nucleus of the Seleucid state where the capital, Antioch, was located. Parthian, a Middle Iranian language, became the official language of the Parthian empire. Christopher Ingham Christopher, You're a genius, and you have knack of teaching. Thanks. >> According to Wikipedia, the Seleucids ruled Iran from 323 BC - >> 63 BC, and the Parthians ruled Iran from 247 BCE - 220 CE. [quoted text clipped - 25 lines] > > Christopher Ingham Notably 224 CE was a boundary event for the Parthian civilisation. Ardashir burned practically every line of Parthian writing, created the monotheistic Zorastrianism from remnant Parthian writings mostly contained in a series of ancient hymns ("the Avesta) and founded the theocracy of Iran on the basis of military supremacy. Ardashir's death bed advice to his son Shapur I, was: "Consider the Fire Altar and the Throne as inseparable as to sustain each other." Terry Jones in his "Barbarians" writes: The "Logic" was that religion provided justice, the basis of an ordered society that could sustain military expenditure" The MANTRA was that ... 'There can be no power without an Army' 'There can be no Army without Money' 'There can be no Money without Agriculture' 'There can be no Agriculture without Justice' Constantine was to do exactly the same thing in the Hellenic/Roman empire 101 years later with effect from Nicaea. The burning of the writings of the Hellenics started in the time of Constantine took a few centuries to burn out. (Constantine was busy with the gold first) http://www.mountainman.com.au/essenes/article_062.htm Best wishes, Pete Brown |
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