I have read about Monarchs granting permission
by "Royal Charter" for merchants and favoured
people to trade. Sometimes this was international
enterprise, and sometimes to deal with imports.
I seem to remember that Eliz.I did it. (Raleigh?)
I also read about it being one of the motives of
revolt by Parliament against Charles I.
I remember that Abraham Darby I and others
had difficulties with the workings of these charters
and progress was held up while the term of a
charter was run out.
Did this function start by a first Charter or does
it go back so far in history that it's origin is lost?
When did merchants gain full freedom to trade?

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Thur
James - 28 Oct 2005 18:30 GMT
> I have read about Monarchs granting permission
> by "Royal Charter" for merchants and favoured
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>
> When did merchants gain full freedom to trade?
Charters were also issued to towns and cities, and defined
the rights and privileges of the inhabitants.
You can still apply for one today - advice at this web-site!
APPLYING FOR A ROYAL CHARTER
http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page45.asp
Internet sole traders need not apply.
Has the regulation of trade by states ever really ended?
Rod Keys - 29 Oct 2005 06:14 GMT
Charter is another name for a monopoly. It was used by monarchs to raise
money .. a sort of indirect tax. A fat fee to the monarch could get you an
exclusive, or semi-exclusive right to engage some kind of commerce and, of
course, set prices at an inflated level without competitive pressures. It
was really an end run around Parliament. It was a way to tax without
authorization from parliament.
Elizabeth I certainly engaged in it, but she, to her credit, withdrew many
charters when members of Parliament and others started to complain. I think
the practice goes to time immemorial but did not become really abusive till
the Stuarts.
Rod
>I have read about Monarchs granting permission
> by "Royal Charter" for merchants and favoured
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>
> When did merchants gain full freedom to trade?